Digital rights management (DRM)
Introduction
Digital Rights Management (DRM) is a method in which digital products such as games, music and films can be controlled with the aim of reducing copyright infringement (piracy).
Forms of DRM
DRM can come in many forms, not all of them exclusive to each other.
Serial Key
The simplest form of DRM is Serial key, also known as a CD-key. The game comes with a code, usually printed in the case or on the back of the manual, that the user inputs during install.
User accounts
A game is registered to an online account that checks if the user owns that particular game. Steam is an example of this.
Partial Install
Part of the game may not be on the disc, requiring a download of the rest of the games content in order to work.
DRM Software
Valve Steam
Steam ties all games bought through its service, or using the Steamworks API, to a user account and requires an online connection to install and play.
EA Origin
A relatively new content delivering/DRM system that has received negative attention due to it's intrusive anti-piracy measures.
Other examples
SecuROM; StarForce; Games for Windows Live; Tages.
Controversy
DRM presents an issue for long term games collectors as it can lead to games becoming completely locked out as CD-keys are lost, studios close or withdraw support, or online services discontinued. This can be resolved by studios issuing a patch that removes the DRM, though not all studios do this.